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What is Fluorescence?

Molecules have many types of energy levels and all of them can be excited by absorbing photons. Two common energy levels are electronic, where the electrons get excited into higher energy levels, and vibrational, where molecules get excited into different types of...

What is Reflection?

Many things can happen to light at an interface between two media, such as the interface between air and a mirror. If the light changes direction so that it stays in the same medium that it came from, it is called reflection. When light travels through the air to the...

What is Scattering?

In general, scattering is what happens when light is forced to deviate from a straight path, or forced to deviate from a reflection angle described by the law of reflection. For example, in the X-ray region, atoms can scatter the X-rays in a well defined pattern. This...

What is Transmittance?

Transmittance describes how much light passes through a sample unchanged. In other words, it is light that is not absorbed, scattered, or reflected. In most cases, the scattered and/or reflected light is miniscule and not significant. Transmittance is usually measured...