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Sensitive Detection of the Human Epididymis Protein-4 (HE4) Ovarian Cancer Biomarker through a Sandwich-Type Immunoassay Method with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Robinson Karunanithy, Suthakaran Ratnasingam, Torrey Holland, and Poopalasingam Sivakumar Bioconjugate Chem. 2023, 34, 3, 501–509  Abstract Detection of cancer before the appearance of any symptoms is crucial for successful treatment. Early detection is, however, very...

What is a Lamp?

Lamps are light sources that provide radiation mainly through spontaneous emission. This means that the radiation is emitted in all directions and is not coherent. Many lamps tend to emit many wavelengths, but the radiation is hard to collimate into a beam. For many...

What is Coherence?

Coherence describes how the relative phases of waves behave. If the relative phase is constant, the waves are said to be coherent. If the relative phase changes, the waves are said to be incoherent. When talking about distance, it is called spacial coherence....